تأثیر فسفیت و فسفات پتاسیم و قارچ میکوریز بر شاخص‌های رشدی، جذب عناصر غذایی و کیفیت گل رز (Rosa hybrida)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

2 باغبانی، گیاهان زینتی، فیزیولوژی، سیلسیم

3 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

4 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

10.30466/asr.2026.56524.1906

چکیده

رز شاخه‌بریده (Rosa hybrida) یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان زینتی تجاری است که در شرایط کشت بدون خاک به مدیریت دقیق تغذیه‌ای نیاز دارد. با توجه به اینکه فسفیت و قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار می‌توانند به‌عنوان زیست‌محرک‌های پایدار، رشد و کیفیت گل را بهبود دهند؛ لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی اثرات فسفیت و فسفات پتاسیم و سه گونه قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار (Rhizoglomus fasciculatum، Entrophospora etunicata و Rhizophagus irregularis) به‌صورت منفرد و تلفیقی (تیمارهای کاربرد در محلول غذایی با ۱۰۰ درصد فسفات یا فسفیت پتاسیم، محلول‌پاشی برگی ۱۰۰ درصد فسفات یا فسفیت پتاسیم، محلول‌پاشی برگی ترکیبی (۵۰ درصد فسفات + ۵۰ درصد فسفیت) و تیمارهای تغذیه‌ای با ۲۵ درصد فسفات یا فسفیت همراه یا بدون محلول‌پاشی برگی و با یا بدون میکوریز)، بر ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و جذب عناصر غذایی رز رقم «دولسه‌ویتا» در سیستم کشت بدون خاک در مجموع با ۱۱۶ واحد آزمایشی طراحی و اجرا شد. آزمایش در گلخانه و به‌صورت گلدانی در بستر ترکیبی شامل پیت‌ماس و پرلیت، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد فسفیت و فسفات پتاسیم و تلقیح با قارچ میکوریز، به‌ویژه در تیمارهای تلفیقی، موجب افزایش معنی‌دار (حدود ۵۰–۲۵ درصدی نسبت به شاهد) صفات رشدی شامل تعداد و سطح برگ، زیست‌تودهٔ گیاه، طول و قطر ساقهٔ گل‌دهنده و قطر گل شد. رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل‌های a، b، کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئیدها) نیز حدود ۵۰ درصد افزایش یافتند که می‌توانند به‌طور بالقوه باعث افزایش ظرفیت فتوسنتزی شوند. همچنین جذب عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم و درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه در تیمارهای میکوریزدار بیشتر بود. به‌طور کلی، محلول غذایی با ۲۵ درصد فسفیت پتاسیم همراه با محلول‌پاشی نیم‌غلظت از محلول ۵۰ درصد فسفات پتاسیم + ۵۰ درصد فسفیت پتاسیم و تلقیح میکوریز، بهترین نتایج را در اکثر شاخص‌ها نشان داد. در مجموع، یافته‌های این پژوهش نقش مؤثر ترکیب فسفیت و فسفات پتاسیم با میکوریز را به‌عنوان زیست‌محرک‌های سازگار با محیط‌زیست در بهبود رشد و کیفیت گلدهی رز شاخه‌بریده در کشت بدون خاک تأیید می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of potassium phosphate, potassium phosphite, and mycorrhizal fungi on growth, nutrient uptake, and flower quality of Rosa hybrida

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Jabbarzadeh 1
  • zohreh Jabbarzadeh 2
  • Reza Darvishzadeh 3
  • Mohsen Barin 4
1 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University
2 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia university, Orumieh
3 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cut rose (Rosa hybrida) is one of the most important commercial ornamental plants, requiring precise nutritional management under soilless cultivation. Because phosphite and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can act as sustainable biostimulants to enhance plant growth and flower quality, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of potassium phosphite, potassium phosphate, and three AMF species (Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, Entrophospora etunicata, and Rhizophagus irregularis) applied individually and in combination. Treatments included 100% phosphate or phosphite in the nutrient solution, foliar application of 100% phosphate or phosphite, combined foliar application (50% phosphate + 50% phosphite), and nutrient solutions with 25% phosphate or phosphite with or without foliar spray and with or without mycorrhizal inoculation. A total of 116 experimental units were used. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in pots containing a mixed peat moss and perlite substrate, arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Results showed that applying phosphite, phosphate, and mycorrhizal inoculation, particularly in combination, significantly enhanced growth traits by approximately 25–50% compared with the control, including leaf number and area, plant biomass, flowering stem length and diameter, and flower diameter. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids) increased by around 50%, potentially improving photosynthetic capacity. Uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as root colonization, were higher in mycorrhizal treatments. Overall, the nutrient solution containing 25% potassium phosphite combined with foliar spraying of half-strength 50% phosphate + 50% phosphite, along with mycorrhizal inoculation, produced the best results for most traits. In conclusion, the findings highlight the effective role of combining potassium phosphite and phosphate with AMF as environmentally friendly biostimulants for improving the growth and flowering quality of cut roses under soilless cultivation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rose
  • Biostimulant
  • Flowering stem length and diameter
  • Flower diameter
  • Root colonization

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 شهریور 1405

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