اثر مایه‌زنی توأم باکتریPseudomonas fluorescens و قارچ Glomus intraradices بر جذب عناصر غذایی در گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی تحت سطوح مختلف شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

4 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

گیاهان در همزیستی با قارچ­های میکوریز آربوسکولار (AMF) علاوه بر جذب بیشتر آب و عناصر غذایی، می‌توانند مقاومت خود را در برابر تنش­های محیطی از قبیل شوری و یا خشکی افزایش دهند. تصور می‌رود حضور برخی از باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه (PGPR) مخصوصاً سودوموناس­ها در ریزوسفر چنین گیاهانی احتمالاً اثر هم‌افزایی داشته و اثرات مثبت قارچ­های میکوریز را تشدید کنند. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر مایه‌زنی توأم (و تک­تک) دو سویه از باکتریPseudomonas fluorescens  و قارچ Glomus intraradices بر جذب عناصر غذایی در گوجه‌فرنگی رقم Super strain B تحت سطوح مختلف شوری اجرا شد. بدین منظور گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی در یک طرح فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایۀ بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و سه تکرار با دو سطح قارچ Glomus intraradices (با مایه­زنی (+AM) و بدون مایه­زنی (-AM))، سه سطح باکتری Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFT:Pseudomonas fluorescens Tabriz، PFC: Pseudomonas fluorescens Chao و :PF0بدون مایه­زنی) و چهار سطح شوری 56/1، 3، 6 و 9 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر (به‌ترتیب 1S تا 4S) حاوی مخلوطی از نمک‌های NaCl، CaCl2، MgSO4 و Na2SO4 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سطوح شوری دو هفته پس از کاشت نشاها، به‌صورت روزانه و به مدت 45 روز به گلدان‌ها اضافه شد. 1S (56/1 دسی­زیمنس بر متر)، EC محلول غذایی در آب مقطر به‌عنوان محیط پایه بود. نتایج تجزیه­های آماری نشان داد که در اکثر غلظت عناصر اندازه­گیری شده مانند فسفر اندام هوایی، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم ریشه و نیز Ca/Na ریشه و K/Na ریشه و اندام هوایی تیمار PFT باعث افزایش معنی­دار نسبت به تیمارهای PFC و شاهد شد (05/0P<) و غلظت سدیم ریشه و کلراید اندام هوایی در حضور تیمار PFC به طور معنی­دار بیشتر از تیمارهای شاهد و PFT بود (05/0P<). غلظت سدیم، کلسیم، منیزیم و کلراید در اندام­های گیاه با افزایش شوری افزایش یافت، درحالیکه غلظت پتاسیم و فسفر روند کاهشی نشان دادند. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده در این تحقیق، مایه­زنی گیاه گوجه­فرنگی با باکتری PFT، شاخص‌های تحمل به شوری و در نتیجه شرایط رشد را در گوجه­فرنگی بهبود می‌بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Dual Inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Glomus Intraradices on Nutrient Uptake in Tomato Under Defferent Levels on Salinity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mina Hakimi 1
  • Nasser Aliasgharzad 2
  • Mohammad Reza Sarikhani 3
  • Nosratollah Najafi 4
1 MSc Student, Department of Soil Science, University of Tabriz
2 Professor, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz
3 Assistant Professor, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz
4 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

The plants in symbiosis with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can absorb more nutrients and water which increases their resistant’s against environmental stresses such as drought or salinity. It is perceived that the presence of Plant Growth Promoting Rihzobacteria (PGPR) especially Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere of these plants has probably synergistic effect with mycorrhizal fungi. This experiment was performed to study the effect of single and dual inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Glomus intraradices on nutrient uptake in tomato variety Super strain B under salinity stress. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with application of Glomus intraradices (including 2 levels; with inoculation (+AM) and without inoculation (-AM)), Pseudomonas fluorescens (including 3 levels; P. fluorescens strain Tabriz P. fluorescens strain Chao and without bacterial inoculation (control)) and four levels of salinity (S1:1.56, S2: 3 S3: 6 and S4: 9 dS m-1) was done in a pot culture with 3 replications. Mixed of different salts such as NaCl, CaCl2, MgSO4 and Na2SO4 were used to make salinity levels. Salinity treatments were daily exerted after two weeks of seedling and continued for 45 days. S1 (1.56 dS‌‌ ‌m-‌1) EC of the nutrient solution in distilled water was used as medium. Statistical analysis showed that concentration of nutrients such as phosphorus of shoot, potassium, calcium and magnesium of root and also root Ca/Na, root and shoot K/Na in PFT was higher than PFC and control treatment significantly (P<0.05). The sodium of root and chloride of shoot in the presence of PFC was higher than in PFT and control treatment. The concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg and Cl in plant tissues increased with increasing salinity, while P and K concentrations showed a decreasing trend. Based on the result obtained in this study, inoculating tomato plants with PFT improves salt tolerance index that cause favorable growth conditions for tomato plant.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • plant growth promoting rihzobacteria
  • Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
  • nutrient
References
Aliasgharzadeh N. 1997. Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry (Translated to Farsi). First edition. published by University of Tabriz.   
Aliasgharzadeh N and Esfandiari MR. 2004. Effects of dual inoculations of Sinorhizobium meliloti and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of salt-stressed alfalfa. Proceeding of the 2004 CIGR International Conference, 11-14 October 2004, Beijing, China.
Ashraf M. 2004. Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants. Flora. 199:361-376.
Ashraf M and Orooj A. 2006. Salt stress effects on growth, ion accumulation and seed oil concentration in an arid zone traditional medicinal plant ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague). Journal of Arid Environments, 64(2): 209-220.
Awad AS, Edwardsand DG and Campbell LC 1990. Phosphorus enhancement of salt tolerance of tomato. Crop Science, 30: 123-128.
Azcon R, Azcon-Aguilar C and Barea JM. 1978. Effect of plant hormones present in bacterial culture on the formation and responses to VA endomycorrhizae. New Phytologist, 80:359-364.
           
   
   
57        
Barea JM, Pozo MJ, Azcon R and Azcon-Aguilar C. 2005. Microbial co-operation in the rhizosphere. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56: 1761-1778.
 
Barin M, Aliasgharzadeh N and Samadi A. 2006. Influence of mycorrhization on the mineral nutrition and yield of tomato under sodium chloride and salts mixture induced salinity levels. Iranian Journal of Water and Soil Science, 20(1): 94-105. (In Farsi with English Summary)
Behl, R.K., Sharma, H., Kumar, V. and Singh, K.P. 2003. Effect of dual inoculation of VA mycorrhiza and Azotobacter chroococcum on above flag leaf characters in wheat. Agronomy and Soil Science, 49: 25–31.
Cachorro P, Ortiz A and Cetda A. 1993. Growth, water relations and solute composition of Phaseolus vulgais L. under saline conditions. Plant Science, 95: 23-29.
Cantrell IC and Linderman RG. 2001. Preioculation of lettuce and onion with VA mycorrhizal fungi reduces deleterious effects of soil salinity. Plant and Soil, 233:269-281.
Fazaeli A, Besharati H and Pirvali Biranvand N. 2011. Effect of salinity on nutrients absorption and symbiosis between Sinorhizobium meliloti and different genotypes of alfalfa. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 24(3): 253-263. (In Farsi with English Summary)
Galeshi, S. and Soltani, A. 2002. Evaluation of growth, biological nitrogen fixation and salinity tolerance in five subterranean clover cultivars (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 9(3): 71-83. (in Farsi with English Summary). 
Glick BR, Changping L, Ghosh S and Dumbroff EB. 1997. Early development of canola seed lines in the presence of the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium pseudomonas putida GR. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 24:1233-1239.
Glick BR, Patten CL, Holguin G and Penrose DM. 1999. Biochemical and genetic mechanisms used by plant growth promoting bacteria. Imperial Collage Press London U. Kingdom. P267.
Grattan SR and Grieve CM. 1992. Mineral nutrient acquisition and response by plants grown in Saline environments. In: Pessarakli, M. (Ed). Handbook of plant and cold stress. pp. 203-226.
Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Zhu JK and Bohnert HJ. 2000. Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 51:463-499.
Jalili F, Khavazi K and Asadi Rahmani H. 2011. Effects of Fluorescent Pseudomonads with ACC deaminase activity on growth characteristics of canola (Brassica napus L.) under salinity condition. Soil and Water Research, 21(2): 175-187. (in Farsi with English Summary)
Juniper S and Abbott LK. 1993. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and soil salinity. Mycorrhiza, 4: 45-57.
Kafi M. 2008.Saline agriculture and its necessity in Iran. 10th Iranian Congress of Crop roduction and Plant Breading, 17-20 Aug. Karaj, 137-162. (in Farsi with English Summary)
Keel C and Defago G. 1997. Interactions between beneficial soil bacteria and root pathogens: mechanisms and ecological impact. In: Gange, A.C., Brown, V.K, eds. Multitrophic interactions in terrestrial system. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 27-47.
Kiely PD, Haynes JM, Higgins CH, Franks A, Mark GL, Morrissey JP and O׳Gara F. 2006. Exploiting new systems-based strategies to elucidate plant-bacterial interactions in the rhizosphere. Microbial Ecology, 51: 257-266.
Kormanik PP and Graw AC. Mc. 1982. Quantification of VA mycorrhizae in plant roots. In: Schenck, N. C. (eds.) Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. The American Phytopathological Society. pp. 37-36.
Lixia Y, Zhansheng Wu, Yuanyuan Z, Imdad K and Chun L. 2010. Growth promoting and protection against salt stress by Pseudomonas putida Rs-198 on cotton. European Journal of Soil Biology, 46: (2010).49-54.
Maas EV and Hoffman GJ. 1977. Crop salt tolerance: current assessment. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 103: 115-134.
Meiri A, Kamburoff J and Poljakoff-Mayber A. 1971.  Response of bean plant to sodium chloride and sodium sulphate salinization. Annals of Botany, 35: 837-847.
Mirmohammady Maibody S and Mhmdqrhyazy B. 2002. Plant physiology and breeding aspects of salinity. Isfahan University Publication. (in Farsi with English Summary)
Munns R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25:239-250.
           
   
   
58        
Papadopoulos L and Rendig VV. 1983. Interactive effects of salinity and nitrogen on growth and yield of tomato plants. Plant and Soil, 73: 47-57.
 
Parvaiz A and Satyawati S. 2008. Salt stress and phyto-blochemical responses of plants. Plant, Soil and Environment,54: 89-99.
Pazira E and Homaee M. 2003. Salt affected resources in Iranian extension and reclamation. Water-Saving Agriculture and Sustainable Use of Water and Land Resources, 855-865.
Rajabi Agereh S, Bahmanyar MA, Ramezanpour MR and Khavazi K. 2011. Role of Fluorescent Pseudomonads in reducing water salinity damages in rice (Oryza Sativa L.). Iranian Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 25(1): 37-46. (in Farsi with English Summary)
Rejali F, Mardoukhi B and Malakouti MJ. 2011. Effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis on water use efficiency, proline accumulation, and mineral uptake of wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) under saline condition. Iranian Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 24(2):111-122. (in Farsi with English Summary)
Sadat A, Savaghebi GHR, Rejali F, Farahbakhsh M, Khavazi K and Shirmardi M. 2010. Effects of some Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on the growth and yield indices of two wheat varieties in a saline soil. Journal of Water and Soil, 24(1): 53-62. (in Farsi with English Summary)
Singleton DW and Bohlool BB. 1984. Effect of salinity on the nodule formation by soybean. Plant Physiology, 74:Pp. 72-76.
Vessey JK. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizer. Plant and Soil, 255:271- 586.
Yano-Melo AM, Saggin OJ and Maia LC. 2003. Tolerance of mycorrhized banana (Musa sp. cv. Pacovan) plant lets to saline stress. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 95: 343–348.
Zekri M and Parsons LR. 1990. Comparative effects of NaCI and polyethylene glycol on root distribution, growth and stomatal conductance of sour orangc seedlings. Plant and Soil, 129: 137-143.