اثر آلودگی سربی خاک بر غلظت سرب در گیاه و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک در ارقام مختلف ذرت علوفه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی خاک پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر آلودگی سربی خاک بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه ذرت، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل چهار سطح سرب در خاک ]صفر(شاهد)، 100 ، 200 و400 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم[ و هشت رقم ذرت سینگل‌کراس260، 301، 302، 500، 604، 647، 704 و دبل‌کراس370 بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که، تیمارهای سرب، اثر معنی‌داری (01/0>P) بر غلظت سرب اندام‌های گیاهی (بخش هوایی و ریشه)، شاخص پایداری غشاء و سطح برگ داشت، اما اثر معنی‌داری بر محتوی نسبی آب برگ نداشت. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که غلظت سرب ریشه بیشتر از اندام هوایی بود و با افزایش غلظت سرب در خاک، غلظت این عنصر در اندام‌های گیاهی (ریشه و اندام هوایی) به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت (01/0>P). بیشترین غلظت سرب اندام هوایی و ریشه در تیمار سرب 400 میلی‌گرم درکیلوگرم خاک رقم 704 به ترتیب با میانگین 33/54 و 11/235 میلی‌گرم درکیلوگرم، مشاهده گردید. آلودگی سربی در خاک  موجب کاهش سطح برگ و شاخص پایداری غشاء در ارقام مورد مطالعه گردید و با افزایش غلظت سرب در خاک، سطح برگ و شاخص پایداری غشاء روند کاهشی را نشان داد. بر اساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین، رقم 704 در تیمار سرب با غلظت 400 میلی‌گرم درکیلوگرم خاک با میانگین 96/56 درصد، کمترین مقدار شاخص پایداری غشاء را داشت. نتایج نشان داد که آلودگی سرب می‌تواند اثر منفی بر سطح برگ و شاخص پایداری غشاء داشته باشد. بررسی‌های بیشتر برای روشن‌تر شدن مکانیسم‌‌های مقاومت گیاه لازم و ضروری می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Soil Lead Contamination on Plant Lead Concentration and Some Physiological Characteristics of Varieties of Forage Maize

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Tafvizi 1
  • Gholamreza Savaghebi-Firoozabadi 2
  • Babak Motesharezadeh 3
1 MSc Student, Department of Soil Science Eng., University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran
2 Professor, Department of Soil Science Eng, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science Eng., College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

To investigate the effect of lead on some physiological traits of maize (Zea mays L.) a factorial experiment in randomized completely design was carried out in the greenhouse. Treatments contained four levels Soil of Pb: [0 (control), 100, 200 400 mg/kg soil] and eight varieties of maize: (SC260, SC301, SC302, SC500, SC604, SC647, SC704 and DC370). The results showed the effect of Pb on shoot and root Pb concentrations, membrane stability index and leaf area were significant at the 1 % level. However, there was not any significant effect on leaf relative water content. The results showed that Pb concentration in the root was higher than shoot and the accumulation of lead in shoot and root increased significantly (P<0.01) with increasing Pb levels. The highest Pb concentration of shoot and root was observed in SC704 cultivar with an average of 54.33 and 235.11 mg kg-1 DW respectively at the 400 ppm level of Pb. The soil Pb contamination decreased leaf area and membrane stability index in cultivars and whit increasing Pb concentration in soil, leaf area and membrane stability index decreased. According to mean compares, the lowest membrane stability index showed in 704 cultivar with a mean of % 56.96 at the 400 ppm level of Pb. The results indicated that Pb contamination had a negative effect on leaf area and membrane stability index. More work is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of tolerance in this plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corn
  • lead
  • membrane stability index
  • leaf relative water content
  • leaf area

مراجع

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تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 1، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
جلد 1، شماره 2
بهمن 1392
صفحه 88-100

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 اردیبهشت 1392
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 آبان 1392

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