تاثیر آتش سوزی بر میزان کربن آلی خاک و قابلیت دسترسی عناصر غذایی در جنگل های بلوط سردشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه (مکاتبه کننده)

چکیده

بسیاری از خصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک در اثر آتش­سوزی تغییر می­کنند. آتش با تغییر در میزان و قابلیت دسترسی عناصر غذایی خاک قادر است حاصلخیزی خاک­های جنگلی را در طول زمان تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. به­ منظور بررسی تاثیر آتش­سوزی و زمان­های پس از آن بر برخی خواص شیمیایی خاک، تعداد 80 نمونه خاک (سوخته و غیرسوخته) از دو عمق سطحی (5 -0 سانتی­متری) و زیرسطحی (20 - 5 سانتی­متری) با سابقه آتش­سوزی متفاوت شامل 6 و 12 ماه پس از آتش­سوزی برداشت و مقادیر نیتروژن کل، فسفر، پتاسیم، منگنز، آهن، روی، مس و کربن آلی خاک در نمونه­های تهیه شده اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان­دهنده وجود اختلاف معنی­دار از نظر میزان فسفر و نیتروژن بین خاک­های سوخته و شاهد (غیر سوخته) بود. به­طوری­که مقدار این پارامترها 6 ماه پس از آتش­سوزی در خاک­های سوخته در مقایسه با خاک­های شاهد افزایش نشان داد ولی پس از گذشت 12 ماه به سطوح قبل از آتش­سوزی رسید. میزان فسفر و کربن بخش درشت (2 – 25/0 میلی­متر) در خاک­های سوخته به­ترتیب 23/2 و 53/2 برابر بیشتر از مقادیر این عناصر در خاک­های شاهد بود. مقدار منگنز نیز در خاک­هایی با 6 ماه سابقه آتش­سوزی به­میزان 7/32 درصد نسبت به خاک­های شاهد افزایش نشان داد در حالی­که با گذشت یک­سال از زمان وقوع آتش­سوزی، مقدار آن در خاک سوخته در مقایسه با خاک شاهد 4/21 درصد کاهش داشت. بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم نیز 392 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم بود که در خاک­های سوخته با 12 ماه سابقه سوختگی مشاهده شد. به­طورکلی آتش‌سوزی منجر به تغییرات محسوسی در خواص خاک می­شود اما این تغییرات پایدار نبوده و بسته به­شدت آتش­سوزی طول بقای اثرات متفاوت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of fire on soil organic carbon quantity and nutrients availability in Sardasht Oak forests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sanaz Ashrafi-Saeidlou 1
  • MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani 2
1 MSc Student, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University
چکیده [English]

Most of soil physical, chemical and biological properties change by fire. Fire can influence forest soils fertility by altering nutrients content and availability. In order to investigate fire impact and different firing background on some soil chemical properties, 80 soil samples were taken from two depths (0-5 cm and 5-20 cm) with different time of firing background (6 and 12 months). Total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, iron, zinc, copper and organic carbon were measured in soil samples. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the amount of phosphorus and nitrogen between burned and control soils. The amount of studied indices increased after firing in burned soils compared to control ones, however one year later they reach to their pre-fire levels. Phosphorus and coarse fraction carbon (0.25-2 mm) in burned soils were 2.23 and 2.53 times higher as compared to unfired samples, respectively. Manganeseamount in soils with 6 months firing history increased 32.7 percent in comparison to control soils, but one year after firing its content decreased. The most potassium amount (392 mg kg-1) observed in burned soils with 12 months history of burn. Therefore forest firing causes obvious changes in soil properties but these changes are not permanent and depending on fire intensity, impression permanency duration is different.

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 مرداد 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 فروردین 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 دی 1393

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