نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 گروه کشاورزی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه تأثیر پوشش‌های درختی دست‌کاشت بر مشخصه‌های زیستی (زیتوده ریزریشه و درشت‌ریشه) و بیوشیمی (غلظت نیترات، غلظت آمونیوم، نرخ نیتریفیکاسیون، نرخ آمونیفیکاسیون و نرخ خالص معدنی‌شدن نیتروژن) خاک، توده‌های جنگلی اقاقیا، زبان‌گنجشک، بلوط و سرو نقره‌ای در محدوده پارک جنگلی خرگوش‌دره تهران مورد توجه قرار گرفت. در هر یک از پوشش‌های درختی، تعداد 10 نمونه از لایه بالایی (10-0 سانتی‌متری) خاک برداشت شد. علاوه بر مشخصه‌های زیستی و بیوشیمی، برخی مشخصه‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در محیط آزمایشگاه مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفت. مطابق با نتایج، هیچ از مشخصه‌های فیزیکی مورد مطالعه خاک در پوشش‌های درختی مورد بررسی تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری را به نمایش نگذاشته‌اند. خاک بخش تحتانی سرو نقره‌ای شرایط اسیدی‌تری نسبت به گونه‌های بلوط، زبان گنجشک و اقاقیا داشته است. بیشترین مقادیر عناصر پر مصرف (نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل جذب) به خاک تحتانی پوشش درختی اقاقیا و کمترین آن‌ها به خاک تحتانی گونه سرو نقره‌ای اختصاص داشته است. بیشترین مقادیر زیتوده ریشه‌ها (ریز ریشه، درشت‌ریشه و کل ریشه) در خاک تحتانی گونه درختی بلوط مشاهده شد، در حالی که کمترین مقادیر این مشخصه‌ها به خاک تحتانی توده سرو نقره‌ای تعلق داشته است. بررسی مشخصه‌های بیوشیمی خاک نیز حاکی از آنست که بیشترین مقادیر این مشخصه‌ها به خاک تحتانی گونه درختی اقاقیا اختصاص داشته در حالی که کمترین مقادیر آنها در خاک تحتانی گونه درختی سرو نقره‌ای مشاهده شد. مطابق با نتایج تحقیق حاضر، گونه اقاقیا به عنوان گونه‌ تثبیت‌کننده‌ ازت، در بهبود کیفیت خاک عملکرد بهتری نسبت به سایر گونه‌ها داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Robinia pseudoacacia, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus castaneifolia and Cupressus arizonica tree covers on soil root biomass and nitrogen mineralization

چکیده [English]

In order study on the effect of man-made tree covers on soil biological (fineroot and coarse root biomass) and biochemical (nitrat concentration, ammonium concentration, nitrification rate, ammonification rate and net N mineralization rate) properties, the forest stands of Robinia pseudoacacia, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus castaneifolia and Cupressus arizonica were considered in the forest park area of Khargoos-dareh located in Tehran. Sampls were excavated in ten points from topsoil (0-10 cm depth) for each tree covers. Soil biological, biochemical and also some physico-chemical properties were measured at the laboratory. According to our data, none of soil physical characrters were significantly affected by tree covers. The soil under C. arizonica was more acidic compared with Q. castaneifolia, F. excelsior and R. pseudoacacia stands. Greater amounts of soil macro elements (N, available P and K) were found under R. pseudoacacia stand and the least was measured under C. arizonica tree cover. The higher values of root biomass (fine root, coarse root and total root) were recorded under Q. castaneifolia species whereas the minimum values were found under C. arizonica trees. In addition the greater amounts of soil biochemical characters were found under R. pseudoacacia and the least was measured under C. arizonica tree cover. Based on our findings, the R. pseudoacacia as N-fixing tree species, presented better performance in soil quality improvement compared with the other studied spcies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ammonification
  • corase root
  • fine root
  • net N mineralization rate
  • nitrification
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