آزمودن ورودی‌های جدید برای برآورد هدایت هیدرولیکی نزدیک اشباع خاک

شاکر شهماربیگلو, پیمان; خداوردیلو, حبیب; ممتاز, حمیدرضا

آزمودن ورودی‌های جدید برای برآورد هدایت هیدرولیکی نزدیک اشباع خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، انشگاه ارومیه

² دانشگاه ارومیه

³ عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

هدایت هیدرولیکی نزدیک اشباع (Ks) خاک از ویژگی‌های‌ کلیدی برای اهداف مختلف از جمله شبیه‌سازی فرایندهای هیدرولوژیکی، تعیین تابع هدایت هیدرولیکی غیراشباع خاک و مدل‌سازی جریان آب و انتقال املاح است. چون Ks یک ویژگی وابسته به ساختمان خاک است، برای به حداقل رساندن دست‌خوردگی حجم خاک نمونه‌برداری شده معمولا از روش‌های اندازه-گیری صحرایی استفاده می‌شود. به دلیل تغییرپذیری بالای مکانی- زمانی Ks، اندازه‌گیری‌های (تکرار) زیادی لازم است؛ بنابراین روش مورد استفاده، همانند روش بار افتان ساده‌سازی شده (SFH)، بایستی به اندازه کافی سریع و ساده باشد. همچنین می‌توان از توابع انتقالی خاک (PTFs) برای برآورد غیرمستقیم Ks از طریق دیگر ویژگی‌های خاک بهره برد. هدف از این پژوهش، آزمودن ورودی‌های جدید برای برآورد Ks خاک در خاک‌های متأثر از نمک حاشیه دریاچه ارومیه بود. از استوانه‌ای با قطر 32 سانتی‌متر برای اندازه‌‌گیری Ks با روش SFH در خاک‌هایی با سطوح مختلف شوری (هدایت الکتریکی عصاره اشباع، dS/m 95-1/0ECe = ) سدیم (درصد سدیم تبادلی، %80-4ESP = ) استفاده شد. در کل 190 نمونه با روش SFH اندازه‌گیری شد و از همسایگی نزدیک هر نقطه، تعدادی نمونه‌ خاک دست‌نخورده (با استوانه‌ای به قطر 5 سانتی‌متر و ارتفاع 5 سانتی‌متر) و دست‌خورده به صورت تصادفی از خاک سطحی جمع‌آوری و ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی آن‌ها تعیین شدند. خاک‌های مورد مطالعه عمدتاً دارای Ks متوسط (تقریباً 40 درصد از خا‌ک‌ها) تا نسبتاً تند (تقریباً 48 درصد) بودند. تجزیه همبستگی و رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام نشان داد که Ks با جرم ویژه ظاهری (b) (205/0- r =)، شاخص سله‌بندی (Ic) (180/0- r =) و درجه تراکم خاک (SDC) (206/0- r =) همبستگی منفی (01/0P≤) و با شاخص پایداری ساختمان خاک (SSI) (184/0r =) و میانگین هندسی قطر خاکدانه‌ها (GMD) (157/0r =) همبستگی مثبت (05/0P≤) داشت. افزون بر این، Ks با ECe و ESP خاک ارتباطی منفی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Testing of new inputs to predict near-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity

نویسندگان [English]

Peyman Shaker Shahmarbeigloo ¹
Hamidreza Momtaz ³

¹ Graduate MSc Student, Soil Science Department, Urmia University

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University

چکیده [English]

Near-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is a key property for several purposes including simulation of hydrological processes, determination of unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity function and modelling water flow and solute transport. Since it is soil structure-dependent, field measurement techniques should be used to minimize disturbance of the sampled soil volume. Because of high spatiotemporal variability of Ks, replicated measurements need to be carried out, so that, the method to be applied should be simple and rapid enough as the simplified falling head (SFH) technique is. Alternatively, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) could also be utilized for indirect prediction of Ks through the surrounding soil attributes. The objective of this study was to test some new inputs to predict the Ks of salt-affected soils adjacent to Lake Urmia. A 32 cm diameter ring was used to determine Ks by the SFH technique in soils with different salinity (electrical conductivity of saturated extract, ECe = 0.1 – 95.3 dS/m) and sodicity (exchangeable sodium percentage, ESP = 4 – 70.9 %) levels. A total of 190 SFH runs were carried out, adjacent to each of which, some undisturbed soil cores (5 cm in height by 5 cm in diameter) and disturbed soil samples were randomly collected from the surface soil and were analyzed for their physicochemical properties. The studied soils mainly had moderate (≈ 40%) to moderately rapid (≈ 48%) conductivities. Correlation and stepwise regression analysis showed that Ks was correlated negatively with bulk density (ρb) (r = -0.205), index of crusting (Ic) (r = -0.180), and degree of compaction (SDC) (r = -0.206) (P ≤ 0.01) and positively with structural stability index (SSI) (r = 0.184) and geometric mean diameter of soil aggregates (GMD) (r = 0.157) (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the Ks had negative correlation with both soil ECe and ESP.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Simplified falling head (SFH
Soil hydraulic conductivity
Spatial variability
Pedotransfer functions

مراجع

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