تاثیر قارچ‌های حل‌کننده پتاسیم بر آزادسازی پتاسیم از کانی‌های سیلیکاتی و برخی شاخص‌های رشد گیاه ذرت (Zea mays L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علــوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استاد گروه علــوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

4 دانشیار گروه علــوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

5 استادیار گروه علــوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

6 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علــوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

از روش‌های تامین پتاسیم مورد نیاز گیاهان بهر‌ه‌گیری از کانی‌های سیلیکاتی و استفاده از میکروارگانیسم‌های حل‌کننده پتاسیم می‌باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف جداسازی قارچ‌های حل‌کننده پتاسیم از خاک ریزوسفری و ارزیابی توانایی کمی پتاسیم آزاد‌سازی شده توسط سویه‌ها از منابع مختلف سیلیکاته، به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایشگاهی شامل منبع پتاسیم در چهار سطح (بیوتیت، فلوگوپیت، ایلیت و مسکوویت)، زمان انکوباسیون در شش سطح (0، 1، 3، 5، 7 و10) و میکروارگانیسم چهار سویه (A. niger، A. terreus، Trichoderma harzianum و Penicellium sp) و فاکتورهای گلخانه‌ای شامل منبع پتاسیم در پنج سطح (شاهد، پتاسیم محلول، فلوگوپیت، ایلیت و مسکوویت) و تلقیح میکروبی دو سطح (بدون تلقیح میکروبی و تلقیح با قارچ‌ها) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان پتاسیم آزاد‌سازی شده (21/3 میکروگرم در میلی‌لیتر) پس از ده روز انکوباسیون مربوط به کانی بیوتیت با تلقیح سویه (KSF2) Aspergillu terruss بود که با سایر سویه‌های قارچی تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. تلقیح میکروبی، ارتفاع گیاه و وزن خشک ریشه را به‌ ترتیب 47/25 و 37/30 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. کاربرد کانی‌های سیلیکاتی و تلقیح میکروبی تاثیر معنی‌داری بر برخی شاخص‌های رشد (قطر ساقه و وزن خشک اندام ‌هوایی) و مقدار پتاسیم اندازه‌گیری شده داشت. تیمارهای میکروبی مقدار پتاسیم بخش‌هوایی و ریشه گیاهان را در کانی ایلیت به ترتیب 37/3 و 43/1 برابر نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش دادند. بطور کلی استفاده از تلقیح قارچی تأثیر قابل توجهی در آزادسازی پتاسیم از کانی‌های سیلیکاتی و بهبود رشد گیاه دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Influence of k- solubilizing fungi on potassium release from silicate minerals and some growth indexes on Corn (Zea mays L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohsen barin 1
  • Saeid Sadeghi 2
  • MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani 3
  • Ebrahim Sepehr 4
  • Behnam Dovlti 5
  • Roghayeh Vahedi 6
1
2 Graduate Student of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Associate Prof. of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4 Associate Prof. of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
5 Assistance Prof. of Soil science, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
6 Graduate Student of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Use of Silicate minerals and potassium solubilizing microorganisms are methods of potassium supplying to plants. Present study with the aim of isolation of potassium solubilizing fungi from rhizosphere soil and evaluation of quantitative ability of released potassium from different sources of silicate by strains, was carried out as factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. Laboratory factors were including potassium sources in four levels (Biotite, Phlogopite, Illite and Muscovite), incubation time in six levels (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10) and microorganisms in four strains (A. niger, A. terreus, Trichoderma harzianum and Penicellium sp) and greenhouse factors were including potassium sources in five levels (control, soluble potassium, Phlogopite, Illite and Muscovite) and microbial inoculation in two levels (non-inoculated control and inoculation with fungi). The results showed that the highest potassium content (3.21 µg/ml) was released after ten days incubation from biotite by strains of KSB2 that was not significantly different from other fungal strains. The microbial inoculation increased 25.47 and 30.37 percent plant high and root dry weight compared to control treatments, respectively. The use of silicate minerals and microbial inoculation have a significant effect on some growth indices (stem diameter and shoot dry weight) and the content of potassium. The microbial inoculation increased potassium content of shoot and root in illite 3.37 and 1.43 times higher than control treatment, respectively. In general, the use of fungal inoculum have significant effect on potassium release of silicate minerals and plant growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Non exchangeable potassium
  • silicates minerals
  • plant
  • fungus

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تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 6، شماره 2
شهریور 1397
صفحه 96-108

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 اردیبهشت 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 دی 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 شهریور 1396

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