نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهدو دانشکده کشاورزی، بخش آموزش

2 دانشگاه ارومیه

3 گروه علوم خاک-دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 گروه شیمی-دانشگاه پیام نور مشهد

چکیده

شناسایی و ساخت کلات‌های آلی نوین آهن با کارآیی بیشتر نسبت به کلات‌های سنتزی رایج، برای بهبود وضعیت تغذیه‌ای آهن در خاک‌های آهکی ایران، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. در این پژوهش، ابتدا کلات‌های اسیدآمینه تیروزین- آهن (Fe-Tyr) و کیتوسان هیدرولیز شده اسیدی- آهن (Fe-Chi) با روش‌های آزمایشگاهی ساخته و سپس برخی از ویژگی‌های آنها شناسایی شد. آزمایشی گلخانه­ای به صورت فاکتوریل، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی، با سه تکرار طراحی شد. فاکتورهای آن شامل سه نوع کلات آهن، Fe-Chi، Fe-Tyr و Fe-EDDHA (شاهد) و سه روش مصرف خاکی، کود آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی بر روی گیاه لوبیا بودند. گیاهان تا تولید دانه رشد کردند و  برخی پارامترهای رشدی گیاه و مقدار آهن کل در شاخسار و ریشه تعیین و فعالیت آنزیم‌های FCR (Ferric Chelate Reductase) ریشه و برگ اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج داده‌های آزمایشگاهی و نظری نشان دادند که بین اسید آمینه تیروزین و کیتوسان به عنوان لیگاند و فلز آهن، کمپلکس تشکیل شده است. نتایج نشان دادند که بیشترین وزن خشک شاخسار گیاه در روش مصرف خاکی Fe-Chi و کود ‌آبیاری Fe-Tyr مشاهده شد. همچنین، مصرف کود آبیاری Fe-Chi، وزن خشک ریشه را نسبت به شاهد به طور معنی­داری افزایش داد. بیشترین مقدار آهن کل (3/10 میلی گرم در گلدان) با کاربرد Fe-Chi به صورت مصرف خاکی در شاخسار گیاه لوبیا مشاهده شد که نسبت به Fe-EDDHA، 36 درصد جذب آهن بیشتری را نشان داد. رابطه متقابل مثبت و معنی­‌داری بین وزن خشک شاخسار و مقدار آهن و نیتروژن در شاخسار گیاه لوبیا مشاهده شد. کاربرد خاکی Fe-Chi و کود ‌آبیاری Fe-Tyr، بیشترین میاتگین فعالیت FCR ریشه را نشان دادند. در روش‌های محلول‌پاشی و کود‌ آبیاری Fe-Tyr، فعالیت FCR برگ تا روز40ام از شروع آزمایش روند صعودی داشت. مصرف خاکی کلات Fe-Chi و محلول‌پاشی Fe-Tyr در طول دوره رشد گیاه، وضعیت تغذیه‌ای آهن را در گیاه لوبیا را بهبود بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Iron Chelates and their Application Methods on Iron Nutrition Status of Bean Plant (Phaseolus vulgaris) in a Calcareous Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • atena mirbolook 1
  • MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani 2
  • Ebrahim Sepehr 2
  • Amir lakzian 3
  • Mohammad Hakimi 4

1 Dept of Soil science, Urmia University

2 Dept of Soil Sci. Urmia Uni

3 Dept of Soil Sci, Ferdowsi University of Mashad

4 Chemistry Department, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697 Tehran, I. R. Iran.

چکیده [English]

Identification and synthesis of new organic iron chelates with higher efficiency than conventional synthetic chelates seems to be necessary to improve the nutritional status of iron in calcareous soils of Iran. In this study, first the amino acid chelates of tyrosine-iron (Fe-Tyr) acid-hydrolyzed chitosan-iron (Fe-Chi) were synthesized by laboratory methods and then some of their properties were characterized. A greenhouse experiment was designed as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications including three types of iron chelate, Fe-Chi, Fe-Tyr and Fe-EDDHA (control) and three methods of soil application, fertigation and foliar application. Bean plants were grown and some growth parameters and total iron content in shoot and root were determined. The activity of root and leaf FCR (Ferric Chelate Reductase) enzymes were measured. The results of experimental and theoretical data showed that the tyrosine and chitosan were complexed with iron metal. The results showed that the highest shoot dry weight was observed in soil application of Fe-Chi and fertigation of Fe-Tyr. Also, fertigation of Fe-Chi increased root dry weight compared to control significantly. The highest content of total iron (10.3 mg pot-1) was observed in soil application of Fe-Chi in bean shoots which showed 36% higher Fe uptake than Fe-EDDHA. There was a significant positive correlation between shoot dry weight with iron and nitrogen content in shoots of bean plants. Investigation of root FCR enzyme activity revealed that soil application of Fe-Chi and fertigation of Fe-Tyr had the highest mean of FCR activity. In the foliar and fertigation application of Fe-Tyr, leaf FCR activity increased to 40 days after the start of the experiment. Soil application of Fe-Chi and foliar of Fe-Tyr during plant growth can improve the nutritional status of iron in bean plant

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amino acid
  • Chelate
  • Chitosan
  • Foliar
  • Soil application
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