تاثیر کشت و کار بر برخی ویژگی‌های زیستی خاک: مطالعه موردی در استان آذربایجان غربی، ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم خاک، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار

4 - دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

ارزیابی­های گوناگون نشان داده­اند که عملیات کشاورزی می­تواند پیامدهای زیانبار بر کیفیت خاک­ها داشته باشد. بنابراین، آگاهی از کیفیت خاک در عرصه­های کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، برای مدیریت بهینه زمین­ها و رسیدن به بیشینه بهره­وری اقتصادی، امری ضروری است. در این پژوهش، تاثیر دراز مدت مدیریت­های مرسوم کشاورزی در سه منطقه در استان آذربایجان غربی شامل زیوه، نازلو و سیرداغی با خصوصیات و ویژگی­های رطوبتی مختلف بودند. از هر منطقه، چهار نمونه خاک (شامل دو نمونه خاک تحت کشت و دو نمونه خاک غیرزراعی همجوار آن­ها به­عنوان شاهد) برداشت و بر برخی ویژگی­های زیستی و شیمیایی خاک بررسی گردید. مقادیر تنفس پایه، تنفس ناشی از سوبسترا، زیست توده میکروبی، جمعیت میکروبی و جمعیت نماتدها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که کشت و کار در مناطق مورد بررسی، پارامترهای تنفس پایه، تنفس ناشی از سوبسترا، جمعیت میکروبی و جمعیت نماتدها را کاهش داد. همچنین، در کاربری غیر زراعی، مقادیر تنفس پایه (25/1، 1/1 و 75/1) و تنفس ناشی از سوبسترا (8/1، 2/2 و 4/1) به تفکیک مناطق مورد مطالعه (به ترتیب سیرداغی، نازلو و زیوه) نسبت به مناطق زراعی افزایش نشان داد. بطوری­که در خاک با کاربری غیر زراعی در منطقه سیرداغی، مقادیر تنفس پایه، تنفس ناشی از سوبسترا، شاخص قابلیت دسترسی به کربن و جمعیت نماتدها به­ترتیب 25/1، 8/1، 6/1 و 28/3 برابر بیشتر از کاربری زراعی بود. بطور کلی می­توان نتیجه گرفت که عملیات کشت و کار غیرعلمی و عدم افزایش مواد آلی، سبب افت ویژگی­های زیستی، و در دراز مدت، کاهش کیفیت خاک را به دنبال خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Cultivation on Some Soil Biological Properties: A Case Study in West Azarbaijan Province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • delniya bapiri 1
  • habib khodaverdiloo 2
  • mohsen barin 3
  • youbert ghoosta 4
1 Graduate Student of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Associate Prof. of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3
4 Associate Prof. of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Various evaluations have shown that agricultural operations can have a dramatic impact on the quality of soils. Therefore, knowledge of soil quality in agricultural and natural resources is essential for optimal land management and achieving maximum economic efficiency. In this research, the long-term effects of conventional agricultural management in three areas of Ziveh, Nazlo, and Sirdagh with different moisture properties. Four soil samples (including two cultivated soil samples and two adjacent un-cultivated soil samples as control) were collected from each region in West Azerbaijan province. Some soil biological and chemical properties were investigated. Basal respiration rates, respiration due to substrate, microbial biomass, microbial population and nematode populations were investigated. The results showed that cultivation reduced basal respiration, substrate induced respiration, microbial population and nematode population in the studied areas. Also in uncultivated land use basal respiration rates (1.25, 1.1 and 1.75) and substrate respiration (1.8, 2.2 and 1.4) increase related to cultivated in the studied areas Sirdaghi, Naslow and ziveh, respectively. Basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, carbon availability index and population of nematodes were 1.25, 1.8, 1.6 and 3.28 times higher in uncultivated related to cultivated in Sirdaghi, respectively. In general, it can be concluded that unscientific cultivation operations and lack of increasing organic matter will result in a loss of biological properties, and in the long- time result a decrease in soil quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultivated
  • Soil degradation
  • Soil quality
  • Soil respiration
  • Uncultivated
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