پهنه‌بندی حساسیت به فرسایش آبی با استفاده از عوامل ژئومورفولوژیکی در حوزه آبخیز عمرآباد ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

توزیع مکانی پدیده­های فرسایشی و تحلیل حساسیت­پذیری بخش‌های مختلف حوزه‌های آبخیز به انواع آن، نقش مهمی در برنامه­ریزی محیطی ایفا می­کند. به‌طوری که تهیه نقشه حساسیت به انواع فرسایش و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر آن، می­تواند علاوه بر کاهش خطر وقوع انواع پدیده­های فرسایشی، منجر به ارائه اقدامات مدیریتی لازم برای مناطق مربوطه شود. در این پژوهش، روش آماری دومتغیره برای تحلیل حساسیت­پذیری پدیده­های فرسایش سطحی، شیاری، آبراهه‌ای و کنار آبراهه‌ای با استفاده از هشت عامل مقاومت سنگ، کاربری و پوشش اراضی، درصد شیب، جهت شیب، انحنای پروفیل دامنه، طول شیب، شاخص قدرت جریان و گروه هیدرولوژیکی خاک در حوزه آبخیز عمرآباد ارومیه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد در مورد اثر عوامل مختلف مستعدکننده به وقوع فرسایش سطحی، شیاری، آبراهه‌ای و کنار آبراهه‌ای، نتایج قابل قبول و دارای روند مشخصی در مورد فرسایش سطحی و شیاری حاصل نشد. اما در مورد فرسایش آبراهه‌ای و کنار آبراهه‌ای، هر یک از عوامل، با توجه به طبقات مربوطه، تأثیری مثبت یا منفی در وقوع این نوع از فرسایش دارند و نمی‌توان اثر یک عامل را به‌طور کامل، مثبت یا منفی قلمداد کرد. عواملی چون سنگ‌شناسی، طول شیب، درصد شیب، جهت شیب و SPI، بیش‌ترین تأثیر مثبت را در وقوع فرسایش آبراهه‌ای و کنار آبراهه‌ای دارند. از طرفی، بر اساس واسنجی نقشه‌ حساسیت‌پذیری به فرسایش آبراهه‌ای و کنار آبراهه‌ای، در نقشه حساسیت‌پذیری تنها ۲۰ درصد از مساحت مناطق با فرسایش آبراهه‌ای و کنار آبراهه‌ایِ مربوط به واسنجی، در محدوده‌ مناطق با حساسیت خیلی شدید تا شدید قرار گرفتند. این امر به عدم کارایی نقشه‌ حساسیت‌پذیری تولید شده با استفاده از هشت عامل مستعدکننده‌ فوق‌الذکر دلالت دارد و پژوهش در مورد عوامل مهم‌تر و مؤثرتر دیگر در ایجاد پدیده‌های فرسایشی مورد نظر در منطقه مورد مطالعه را مورد تأکید قرار می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Water Erosion Susceptibility Mapping Using Geomorphological Factors in Omarabad Watershed of Urmia

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rana Ahmadi 1
  • Habib Nazarnejad 2
  • Saeed Najafi 3
1 M.Sc. of Watershed, Urmia University
2 Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Spatial distribution of erosion phenomena and susceptibility analysis of different parts of watersheds to their types, plays an important role in environmental planning, so that the preparation of susceptibility maps to types of erosion and identification of factors affecting it, can Reducing the risk of various erosive phenomena will lead to providing the necessary management measures for the relevant areas. In this research, a bivariate statistical method was investigated for analyzing the susceptibility of Surface, Rill, Channel and Riverbank erosion phenomena using eight factors of rock resistance, land use and land cover, slope percentage, slope aspect, plan curvature, slope length, stream power index and soil hydrologic group in Omarabad watershed of Urmia. The results showed that regarding the effect of various factors predisposing to the occurrence of Surface, Rill, Channel and Streambank erosion, acceptable results with a clear trend in surface and rill erosion were not obtained, However, in the case of channel and streambank erosion, each of the factors, according to the relevant classes, has a positive or negative effect on the occurrence of this type of erosion and the effect of one factor cannot be considered as complete, positive or negative. factors such as lithology, slope length, slope percentage, slope aspect and SPI have the most positive effect on the occurrence of Channel and Streambank erosion. On the other hand, according to the calibration of the susceptibility map to Channel and Streambank erosion, only 20% of the area with Channel and Streambank erosion related to calibration were in the range of areas with very high to severe sensitivity in the susceptibility map. This indicates the inefficiency of the susceptibility map produced using the above eight predisposing factors and emphasizes the research on other more important and effective factors in creating the desired erosion phenomena in the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Susceptibility to erosion
  • Soil conservation
  • bivariate statistical method
  • Erosion
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