نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان

2 هیات علمی دانشکده کویر شناسی دانشگاه سمنان

3 دانشکده کویر شناسی دانشگاه سمنان

4 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

رواناب در اقلیم‎ نیمه‎خشک سبب ایجاد سیلاب‎های خطرناکی می­شود. بنابراین تجزیه و تحلیل مکانی رواناب برای مدیریت بحران ضروری به نظر می‎رسد. مدل­های هیدرولوژیکی­ ابزارهایی بوده که به منظور شبیه‎سازی فرآیندهای مرتبط با چرخه آب و پیش­بینی رخدادهای آینده استفاده می‎شوند. در این بین، SWAT یکی از رایج­ترین این مدل­ها است که از مهمترین ورودی‎ها آن نقشه و اطلاعات خاک حوزه آبخیز می‎باشد. از طرف دیگر نقشه­های خاک هم از لحاظ کیفی و کمی در بسیاری از حوزه­های آبخیز در دسترس نیستند. هدف اصلی از این پژوهش تحلیل مکانی رواناب با استفاده از داده جهانی خاک بوسیله مدل هیدرولوژیکی SWAT در حوزه آبخیز دامغانرود در استان سمنان است. بدین منظور داده‎های اقلیمی در دوره زمانی سال‏های 2008 تا 2018 میلادی برای شبیه‎سازی رواناب استفاده شد. در این دوره زمانی داده­های سال‏های 2010 تا 2014 برای واسنجی و سال‎های 2015 تا 2018 برای اعتبارسنجی مدل استفاده شد. تحلیل حساسیت، واسنجی، اعتبارسنجی و عدم قطعیت مدل در نرم افزار  SWAT-CUPبا استفاده از الگوریتم SUFI-2  انجام شد. ارزیابی مدل با استفاده از آماره‎های ضرایب تبیین (R2) و ناش ساتکلیف (NS) انجام شد. پارامترهای شماره منحنی، متوسط طول شیب، ضریب زبری کانال مانینگ، هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع خاک به عنوان پارامترهای حساس تعیین شدند. مقادیر آماره­های R2 و NS برای مرحله واسنجی مدل به ترتیب، 48/0، 47/0 و برای مرحله اعتبارسنجی به ترتیب 46/0، 45/0 بدست آمد. نتایج نشان داد عملکرد مدل در شبیه‎سازی رواناب با داده جهانی خاک قابل قبول بوده است. تحلیل مکانی رواناب با استفاده از روش میانگین وزنی رواناب به ازای واحد سطح انجام گرفت. نتایج تحلیل مکانی رواناب براساس میانگین وزنی رواناب نشان داد که مهم‏ترین زیرحوضه در تولید رواناب زیرحوضه شماره 5 (دارای کمترین فاصله به نقطه خروجی) و کم ‌اهمیت‎ترین آنها زیرحوضه­های 1 و 11 (دارای بیشترین فاصله از نقطه خروجی) بودند. بنابراین نتایج نشان داد که پارامترهای موثر در اولویت‎بندی رواناب شامل موقعیت مکانی زیرحوضه‎ها و کاربری اراضی بودند. نتایج کلی تحقیق نشان داد که مدل SWAT درتحلیل مکانی رواناب حوزه آبخیز به دلیل تقسیم‎بندی حوضه به واحدهای همگن امکان شناسایی مناطق بحرانی تولید رواناب را دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of SWAT Model Efficiency in Spatial Analysis of Runoff in Watersheds without Local Soil Data (Case Study: Damghanrood Watershed)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahin Khosravi 1
  • aliasghar ةolfaghari 2
  • Seyed Hasan Kaboli 3
  • Heidar Ghafari 4

1 Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University

2 Faculty of Desert Studies; Semnan University

3 Faculty of Desert Studies; Semnan University

4 Soil science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

چکیده [English]

In semi-arid area the dangerous floods are usually generation by runoff. Therefore, spatial analysis of runoff is necessary for crisis management. Hydrological models are useful tools for simulation of water cycle-related processes and predict future events. Among the hydrological models, SWAT is one of the most popular of these models which the soil map and information are one the most important input data in SWAT model. On the other hand, the qualitative and quantitative soil maps are not available in most of the watershed in Iran. The main purpose of this study was to determine the spatial analysis of runoff generation using global soil data and using SWAT model in Damghanrood watershed in Semnan province. For this purpose, climatic data from 2008 to 2018 were used to simulate runoff. The data from 2010 to 2014 was used for model calibration and data from 2015 to 2018 was used for model validation. Sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and model uncertainty were performed in SWAT-CUP software using SUFI-2 algorithm. The model was evaluated with coefficients of determination (R2) and Nash Sutcliffe (NS) statistics. The parameters of curve number, mean slope length, manning channel roughness coefficient and saturated soil hydraulic conductivity were determined as more sensitive parameters. The values of the R2 and NS statistics were 0.48, 0.47 for the model calibration stage and 0.46 and 0.45 for the validation stage, respectively. The results showed that the performance of the model in runoff simulation with global soil data was acceptable. Spatial analysis of runoff was performed using the average weight of runoff per unit area. The results of spatial analysis of runoff showed that the most important sub-basins in runoff generation was sub-basin number 5 and the least important sub-basins were number 1 and 11. Results indicated that sub-basin location and land use were most effective variables in runoff prioritization. SWAT model divide the watershed into the homogeneous units, therefore, it is possible to determine the critical areas of runoff generation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Prioritization of sub-basins
  • Sensitivity analysis
  • Runoff
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