تأثیر خاکورزی و گلخرابی بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک و عملکرد برنج در اراضی شالیزاری (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان قائمشهر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی گروه مهندسی خاک؛ دانشکده آب و خاک؛ دانشگاه زابل؛ ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد؛ گروه خاکشناسی؛ دانشکده کشاورزی؛ دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران؛ ایران

3 حق التدریس پژوهشی دانشگاه زابل- دانشکده آب و خاک

10.30466/asr.2022.121259

چکیده

خاکورزی و گلخرابی از عملیات مهم کشت غرقابی برنج می­باشند. گلخرابی روشی مهم و معمول در آماده‌سازی بستر برای کشت نشای برنج در اراضی شالیزاری به شمار می‏آید که با روتیواتور صورت می­گیرد. به منظور بررسی تغییرات پارامترهای فیزیکی و هیدرولیکی خاک آزمایشی بصورت کرت خرد شده و بر پایه طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در شهرستان قائمشهر انجام گرفت. در این پژوهش، شالیزار تحت دو تیمار اصلی، T1 (بدون خاکورزی) و T2 (با خاکورزی) و چهار تیمار فرعی عبور روتیواتور،  P1(یک بار)، P2 (دو بار)، P3 (سه بار) و P4 (چهار بار) قرار گرفت. سطوح مختلف گلخرابی روی زمین شالیزاری با بافت لوم اعمال و پارامترهای نفوذپذیری و هدایت هیدرولیکی، درصد رطوبت وزنی و جرم مخصوص ظاهری خشک خاک آن اندازه‏گیری شد. همچنین در پایان فصل کشت وزن هزاردانه برنج برای هر تیمار محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که در هر دو پارامتر نفوذپذیری و هدایت هیدرولیکی تیمار‏های اصلی T2 دارای کمترین مقدار نفوذ و هدایت هیدرولیکی بود. همین‏طور در هر دو پارامتر با افزایش شدت گلخرابی، میزان نفوذ و هدایت هیدرولیکی به‌طور معنی‏داری کاهش یافت. با اعمال خاکورزی و افزایش شدت گلخرابی روند نزولی در جرم مخصوص ظاهری و افزایش محتوای آب خاک مشاهده شد. به‌طوری که، تیمار خاکورزی با گلخرابی زیاد حداکثر درصد رطوبت وزنی را داشت (67/28­%). روش‏های مختلف خاک‏ورزی تأثیری روی وزن هزار دانه برنج نشان نداند. در مقابل تیمارهای مختلف گلخرابی تأثیر بسزایی روی وزن هزار دانه برنج داشته و در تیمار گلخرابی زیاد بیشترین وزن هزار دانه برنج (38/28 گرم) مشاهده شد که نشان دهنده تأثیر مثبت سطوح بالای گلخرابی روی این پارامتر می‌باشد.  در نهایت می­توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که اعمال خاکورزی و گلخرابی سبب کاهش اتلاف آب و درنتیجه افزایش بهره­وری آب در کشت برنج می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Tillage and Pudding on Some Soil Physical Properties and Rice Yield in Paddy Lands (Case study: Ghaemshahr City)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolfazl Bameri 1
  • Mohsen Lotfi 2
  • mahsa khaleghi 3
1
2 Master Graduated, Soil Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Azad University of Tehran, Iran
3 Ph.D. Graduated, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Tillage and puddling are important operations of paddy field. Puddling is an important and common method in bed preparation for rice seedling cultivation in paddy lands, which is done with rotavator. To investigate the changes in soil physical and hydraulic parameters, an experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Ghaemshahr, Iran. In this study, the rice field was under two main treatments, T1 (without tillage) and T2 (with tillage) and four sub-treatments of passing the rotavator, P1 (once), P2 (twice), P3 (three times) and P4 (four Times). Different levels of puddling on the paddy field with loam texture were applied and the parameters of infiltration, hydraulic conductivity, gravimetric water contents and dry soil bulk density were measured. Also, at the end of the cultivation season, 1000-grain rice weight was calculated for each treatment. The results showed that in both parameters of permeability and hydraulic conductivity, the T2 treatments had the lowest amount of infiltration and hydraulic conductivity. Also, in both parameters, with increasing the intensity of puddling, the rate of infiltration and hydraulic conductivity decreased significantly.  By applying tillage and increasing the intensity of puddling, a decreasing trend in the bulk density and an increasing trend in soil water content were observed. So that, the tillage treatment with high puddling (P4) had the maximum weight moisture (28.67 %). Different tillage methods did not show any effect on the weight of 1000-grains rice. In contrast, different puddling treatments had a significant effect on the weight of 1000-grains rice and in high puddling treatment the highest weight of 1000-grains rice (28.38 g) was observed showing the positive effect of high levels of puddling on this parameter. Finally, it can be concluded that tillage and puddling reduce water loss and thus increase water productivity in the rice cultivation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • No Tillage
  • Hydraulic Conductivity
  • Soil Moisture
  • The weight of 1000 grains

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 17 مهر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 خرداد 1400

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