نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

اخیراً استفاده از افزودنی‌های زیستی به‌ویژه زغال زیستی برای مدیریت و بهبود رفتار آب در خاک اراضی کشاورزی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هرچند اثرگذاری زغال زیستی در دراز مدت یکی از چالش‌ها در این راستا می‌باشد. هدف از این پژوهش سنجش تغییرات مؤلفه‌های فیزیکی و هیدرولیکی خاک از کاربرد زغال زیستی در بازه زمانی کوتاه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و در مقیاس سینی‌های کوچک پرشده از یک خاک دست‌خورده کشاورزی بود. بدین منظور، نمونه‌های حجمی از اراضی کشاورزی مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ارومیه تهیه گردیدند و پس از انتقال به داخل سینی‌های کوچک تحت تیمارهای بدون اعمال زغال زیستی (شاهد) و افزودن زغال زیستی (76/4 درصد وزنی خاک) منتقل شدند. پس از گذشت 40 روز، اقدام به اندازه‌گیری برخی مؤلفه‌های فیزیکی و هیدرولیکی خاک شد. نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر جرم ویژه ظاهری، تخلخل، میانگین وزنی و هندسی قطر ذرات، ابعاد شکاف‌ها، منافذ انتقال، منافذ ذخیره‌سازی و منافذ باقی‌مانده خاک به‌عنوان مؤلفه‌های فیزیکی خاک تغییر معنی‌داری با کاربرد زغال زیستی نداشتند (05/0p>). زغال زیستی تأثیر معنی‌داری روی مؤلفه‌های منحنی رطوبت خاک (از پتانسیل دو تا 15000 سانتی‌متر)، نقاط پتانسیلی مهم منحنی رطوبتی خاک شامل درصد رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی، درصد رطوبت نقطه پژمرد‌گی دائم و درصد رطوبت دردسترس و هم‌چنین ضرایب معادله ون­گنوختن برای تخمین مؤلفه‌های منحنی رطوبتی خاک نداشت (05/0p>). هرچند یافته‌ها نشان داد که نقش زغال زیستی در کاهش هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع اندازه‌گیری‌شده با روش بار ثابت (از 33/1±13/35 به 26/3±43/21 سانتی­متر در روز) معنی‌دار (05/0p>) و به‌مقدار 39 درصد بود. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق حاضر، کاربرد زغال زیستی تأثیر معنی­داری روی ویژگی­های فیزیکی و رفتار هیدرولیکی خاک در بازه زمانی کوتاه‌مدّت نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the short-term affectivity of soil physical and hydraulic properties from biochar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Mohammadkhani 1
  • Kamran Zeinalzadeh 2
  • Hossein Kheirfam 3

1 Ph.D. student, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

2 Department of Water Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 Assistant professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Recently, using bio-amendments, especially biochar, has been considered to manage and improve water behavior in the soil of agricultural lands. However, the effect of biochar in a long-time period is one of the challenges. The aim of this research was to measure the physical and hydraulic components of the soil changes from the application of biochar in a short-time period at the laboratory conditions and on the small-scale trays filled by an agricultural disturbed soil. To this end, the bulk samples were taken from the research farm of Urmia University, and the samples poured into the small trays, they were treated by no biochar adding (control) and adding biochar (4.76% of soil weight). After 40 days, some physical and hydraulic components of the soil were measured. The results showed that the values of bulk specific gravity, porosity, weighted and geometric mean of diameter, fissures, transmission pores, storage pores and residual pores of soil as physical components of soil did not change significantly with the use of biochar (p>0.05). The effect of biochar on the components of the soil moisture curve (from suction 2 to 15000 cm), the important potential points of the soil moisture curve including the Field capacity, Permanent wilting point and Available water capacity, as well as the parameters of soil moisture curve of Van Genuchten model was not significant (p>0.05). However, the findings showed that the role of biochar in reducing saturated hydraulic conductivity measured by constant-head method (from 35.13±1.33 to 21.43±3.26 cm day-1; 39% reduction) was significant (p<0.05). Based on the findings of the present research, the application of biochar did not have a significant effect on the physical characteristics and hydraulic behavior of the soil in a short period of time.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil conditioner
  • Saturated hydraulic conductivity
  • Soil moisture curve
  • Soil water movement
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