تأثیر مایه‌زنی باکتری‌های ریزوسفری محرک رشد گیاه (PGPR) بر جذب آرسنیک توسط آفتابگردان، ذرت و کدو در یک خاک آلوده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد

3 عضو هیئت علمی

10.30466/asr.2025.54607.1810

چکیده

پالایش خاک­های آلوده به فلزات سنگین به وسیله گیاهان یکی از روش­های کم­هزینه و دوست‌دار محیط‌زیست می‌باشد. در بسیاری از موارد برای افزایش کارایی استخراج گیاهی فلزات سنگین از میکروارگانیسم‌های مفید خاک‌زی استفاده می‌شود. در این پژوهش تعداد 15 باکتری‌ مقاوم به آرسنیک از ریزوسفر شش گیاه بومی اطراف معدن مس سرچشمه رفسنجان جداسازی شدند. بر اساس آزمون حداقل غلظت بازدارنده آرسنیک، همه‌ی جدایه‌ها در غلظت 150 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر از خود مقاومت نشان دادند و حدود 70 درصد از جدایه‌ها در غلظت 500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر آرسنیک توانایی رشد داشتند. در بین جدایه‏های مقاوم به آرسنیک تعداد هشت جدایه توانایی تولید سیدروفور در محیط CAS-‌آگار و پنج جدایه توانایی تولید هیدروژن سیانید را داشتند. .همه‌ی جدایه‌ها توانایی تولید اکسین و حل‌کنندگی ترکیبات نامحلول فسفر در محیط مایع را داشتند. به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر جدایه‏ها بر جذب آرسنیک توسط گیاه، سه جدایه مقاوم به آرسنیک و دارای صفات محرک رشد انتخاب و در یک آزمایش گلخانه‏ای به‌صورت فاکتوریل و بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. فاکتورهای مورد آزمایش شامل نوع گیاه در سه سطح (آفتاب‌گردان، ذرت و کدو) و باکتری در چهار سطح (عدم تلقیح باکتری، تلقیح با جدایه‌های BH6، BH9 و BH10) بودند. نتایج کشت گلخانه‏ای نشان داد که بیش‌ترین جذب آرسنیک به مقدار 8/77 میکروگرم در گلدان از برهمکنش جدایه BH9 با گیاه کدو بدست آمد که در مقایسه با شاهد همان گیاه باعث افزایش معنی‌دار جذب آرسنیک در اندام‌هوایی به میزان1/62 درصد شد. همچنین بالاترین فاکتور انتقال آرسنیک نیز از برهمکنش جدایه BH9 و گیاه کدو (825/0) حاصل شد که از نظر آماری اختلاف معنی‌داری با سایر تیمارها داشت. به‌طور کلی گیاهان کدو و ذرت با تولید زیست‌توده بیش‌تر در مقایسه با آفتابگردان نقش مؤثرتری در استخراج آرسنیک از خاک داشتند و جدایه BH9 کارآمدترین جدایه در بین جدایه‌ها بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Inoculation on Arsenic Uptake by Sunflower, Corn and Pumpkin in Contaminated Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolreza Akhgar 1
  • Mojteba Hatemizadeh 2
  • payman abbaszadeh dahaji 3
  • Mohsen Hamidpour 1
1 faculty Member
2 Former MSc. student
3 Faculty member
چکیده [English]

Remediation of heavy metals from soil through phytoremediation is considered one of the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods. In many cases, beneficial soil microorganisms are utilized to enhance the extraction of heavy metals. In this research, 15 bacteria resistant to arsenic were isolated from the rhizosphere of six native plants around the Sarcheshmeh copper mine in Rafsanjan. According to minimum inhibitory concentration tests of arsenic,it was found that all isolates were resistant to 150 mg L-1 of arsenic and about 70 percent of them were able to grow at a concentration of 500 mg.L-1 of arsenic. Among the arsenic resistant isolates, eight were capable of producing siderophore in the CAS-agar medium and while five were able to produce hydrogen cyanide. Additionally all isolates demonstrated the ability to produce IAA and solubilize insoluble phosphorus compounds in the liquid medium. To evaluate the effect of these isolates on arsenic uptake by plant, three arsenic-resistant isolates with growth-stimulating characteristics were selected for a greenhouse experiment as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications. The tested factors included three levels of plant (sunflower, corn and pumpkin) and bacteria in four levels (non-inoculation, inoculation with BH6, BH9 and BH10 isolates). The results of the greenhouse experiments revealed that the highest  arsenic uptake (77.8 µg pot-1) was observed  in the interaction between the BH9 isolate and pumpkin, representing a 62.1 percent compared to the control. Furthermore, the highest transfer factor (TF) of arsenic was obtained from the interaction of BH9 isolate with pumpkin (0.825), significantly  differing from other treatments. In general, pumpkin and corn plants due to their higher biomass production were more effective in extracting arsenic from the soil, compared to sunflower. The P9 isolate demonstrated the highest efficiency among all isolates tested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Auxin
  • Phytoextraction
  • PGPR
  • Siderophore
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